Take a look at this graph.
What does it mean to you?
If you’re in 7.06 (cell biology) right now, perhaps you will recognize this as the pattern of population growth of mammalian cells in culture: they expand and grow, but after awhile, they reach senescence. And then crisis occurs, and a lot of cell death occurs since the cells have sustained accumulated damage. A few rare cells, however, will not die and instead gain the ability to divide indefinitely due to activation of telomerase and perhaps other factors.
But long before humankind knew anything of cells, it already painted a portrait of this graph. It all begins with Ymir, the ice giant carved by fire, and the gigantic cow that fed him. And from Ymir arose the rest of the giants (this will be discussed more later); from the cow’s licking came forth the Aesir. And the story continues on, the populations of the Aesir and Vanir (gods) and giants and humans fluorishing. At some point towards the present, of course, the fluorishing slows down (inferred from the fact that gods were not born in present day, and observing the saturation of populations.
All along, the gods know about something dreadful: that one day, an inevitable war will break out after three winters arrive in a row with no summers in between. This event, called “Ragnarok,” is an amoral battle between the gods and giants, in which the worlds (there are nine) burn and all but a handful of gods survive. And only two humans emerge, Lif and Lifthrasir. In a world without suffering and peaceful coexistence, the gods and humans fluorish once again forever.
Isn’t the graph of the populations of Asgard and Midgard and all the other worlds taken together just like that? When I saw the graph on the board yesterday, I could only feel this divine welling in my heart. I knew about it already, and yet I couldn’t help but be moved by the painful beauty of what I saw.
As a side note, there are some interesting implications of the parallel. Lif and Lifthransir survive Ragnarok by drinking dew – this is not a normal human capability; they probably possess some sort of anomalous power. And thus the offspring that become the whole of the human race would share these anomalies. This predicts a common problem with immortalized cell lines: their homogeneous phenotypic quirks that result from the massive population bottleneck. It’s not just telomerase that sets cell lines apart from their original cultures.
But now let’s return to Ymir, the bizarre giant. Although there is discrepancy as to exactly what he does and how he does it, there is agreement that generally he just sits there, drinking milk from the very large cow (possibly with four mouths) and procreates. But this procreation is bizarre. His armpit sweat produces a man and woman (presumably Frost giants) .. and then his feet mate with each other to create a six-headed Rime Giant. (I’m not pulling this out of my ass – somebody else centuries ago beat me to it http://odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/norway/history/032005-990465/). Other accounts have Ymir continually procreating as a hermaphrodite, in order to produce the various races of giants.
Genetic common sense says that children will look kind of like you. And so one laughs at the ridiculousness of having a six-headed offspring arise from a one-headed parent.
But it is generally accepted today that stem cells behave in this manner: they produce daughter cells that differentiate down various paths: neurons, the smooth muscle, the bone – all these completely different types of cells can arise from mesenchymal stem cells. And the division is asymmetric: the original parent cell is left unchanged, just like Ymir.
It takes a good deal of imagination to escape common sense and enter the world of cell biology.
For those unfamiliar with Norse mythology, which is sadly not taught alongside Greek and Roman mythology for whatever reason, Wikipedia isn’t a bad starting place (I used it as a refresher for this entry), but it’s generally quite lacking in details. This site provides one-line descriptions of everything: http://www.akasha.demon.co.uk/norse.htm. Unfortunately, the site I read long ago no longer has working links. It’s worth reading, if only because Norse mythology seems to be defining proof that humans have been getting high since the early days – it’s just that messed up, especially the creation story. My feeling is that Christians such as J.R.R. Tolkien were able to incorporate Norse mythology into their stories without feeling much internal conflict just because it’s just so ridiculous that no one could ever possibly believe it. But that’s a discussion for another day.